Pregnancy is often seen as a time of joy and excitement, and for most women and their loved ones, it truly is. However for some women, it can bring about unexpected emotional distress. Antepartum depression, or depression that occurs during pregnancy, is a serious mental health condition that requires attention and care. Dr Rajiv Mehta, Vice-Chairperson—Psychiatry, Sir Gangaram Hospital, New Delhi, explains what antepartum depression is, how it differs from postpartum depression, and the ways to manage it effectively.
Also Read: Depression During Pregnancy: What Are The Causes, Symptoms & Treatment?
What Is Antepartum Depression, And How Does It Differ From Postpartum Depression?
Depression is a collection of symptoms that persist for more than two weeks and lead to social and occupational decline, explains Dr Mehta.
A 2021 study published in the Psychology Research and Behavior Management found that women with unplanned pregnancies were twice as likely to develop antepartum depression, while those with previous labour complications had over four times the risk.
The study conducted in the Gurage zone public health institutions, Ethiopia, in 2019 involved 343 participants and found that 27.6% of pregnant women experienced antepartum depression.
Researchers further noted that a history of child hospitalisation also increased the likelihood of antepartum depression by more than three times. Additionally, marital dissatisfaction was a significant contributing factor.
According to Dr Mehta (who was not a part of the study), both antepartum and postpartum depression share the same symptoms. The key difference lies in their timing:
- Antepartum depression occurs during pregnancy.
- Postpartum depression begins within six weeks of delivery.
Do Hormonal Fluctuations Contribute To Antepartum Depression?
“Hormonal changes during pregnancy do have an impact on brain chemistry,” says Dr Mehta, adding that in individuals predisposed to depression, these fluctuations can alter neurotransmitter levels, triggering symptoms of anxiety and depression.
He explains that due to the hormonal change in pregnancy, there are many bodily changes that may be overwhelming for some women, further contributing to emotional distress.
Signs Of Antepartum Depression
Partners and family members play a crucial role in identifying antepartum depression. Some common signs to look out for include:
- Withdrawal from loved ones
- Persistent low mood or irritability
- Loss of interest in activities once enjoyed
- Difficulty bonding with the unborn baby
- Excessive worry or anxiety about pregnancy and childbirth
- Unexplained crying spells
- Changes in eating and sleeping habits
If a pregnant woman experiences these symptoms for a long period, seeking professional help is essential.
Also Read: Role of Hormones In Postpartum Depression: Expert Explains The Link And Importance Of Personalised Treatment
How Pregnant Women Cope With Antepartum Depression?
Managing antepartum depression involves a combination of lifestyle changes, emotional support, and medical intervention if necessary. Dr Mehta suggests the following strategies:
Avoid excessive online searches: Googling symptoms and pregnancy-related changes can create unnecessary anxiety. Instead, it is better to consult a doctor or speak with someone who has been through pregnancy.
Communicate openly: Sharing concerns with trusted family members, friends, or healthcare providers can provide reassurance and emotional relief.
Practice patience: Many bodily changes during pregnancy are temporary. Focusing on the positive aspects of motherhood can help shift perspectives.
Seek professional help: If depression symptoms persist, consulting a psychiatrist or therapist is crucial. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and counselling can be effective.
Adopt relaxation techniques: Meditation, deep breathing, and prenatal yoga can help alleviate stress and promote emotional well-being.
Conclusion
Antepartum depression is a real and serious condition that affects many pregnant women. Recognising the symptoms, understanding its causes, and implementing effective coping strategies can help manage its impact. With the right support from family, friends, and healthcare providers, women experiencing antepartum depression can find relief and look forward to motherhood with confidence.
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