Pregnancy is a transformative phase in a woman’s life, bringing joy and anticipation. However, the physiological changes during those months can lead to various urological complications. While most of these conditions are manageable with timely intervention, awareness and early diagnosis are crucial in preventing complications, says Dr Deepti Sureka, consultant female urologist, Asian Institute of Nephrology and Urology, Hyderabad.
6 Types Of Urological Complications During Pregnancy
“Understanding urological risks during pregnancy is essential for expectant mothers to take proactive steps in maintaining their health,” suggests Dr Deepti Sureka. She lists 6 common urological risks that happen during pregnancy:
1. Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)
Pregnant women are at a higher risk of developing urinary tract infections due to hormonal changes and the pressure exerted by the growing uterus on the bladder. Increased levels of progesterone cause the muscles of the urinary tract to relax, leading to urine retention and an increased likelihood of bacterial growth. If left untreated, UTIs can progress to pyelonephritis (kidney infection), which can cause preterm labor and other complications.
2. Hydronephrosis of Pregnancy
Hydronephrosis, or swelling of the kidneys due to urine buildup, is a common condition in pregnancy. As the uterus expands, it compresses the ureters, slowing down urine flow. This can lead to discomfort, flank pain, and an increased risk of infections. Hydronephrosis usually resolves after delivery, but severe cases may require medical intervention.
3. Kidney Stones (Nephrolithiasis)
Hormonal fluctuations increase the risk of kidney stone formation. Additionally, urinary stasis/urinary retention due to a compressed urinary tract can contribute to stone formation. Symptoms include flank pain and blood in urine. Managing kidney stones in pregnancy is challenging, as certain diagnostic tests and treatment options are limited due to fetal safety concerns.
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4. Frequent Urination
Pregnancy leads to increased blood volume and kidney filtration rates, resulting in higher urine production. Additionally, the expanding uterus puts pressure on the bladder, causing frequent urination. While this is a normal part of pregnancy, some women may experience overactive bladder symptoms, including sudden urgency and occasional leakage.
5. Urinary Incontinence
Stress urinary incontinence, characterized by urine leakage during activities like coughing, sneezing, or lifting, is a common concern in pregnancy. The weakening of pelvic floor muscles due to hormonal changes and the weight of the growing baby contribute to this condition. While many women recover postpartum, some may require pelvic floor therapy or other treatments.
6. Vesicoureteral Reflux
Some pregnant women experience vesicoureteral reflux, where urine flows backward from the bladder into the ureters. This occurs due to increased bladder pressure and can lead to infections and kidney complications if not managed properly.
4 Preventive Measures and Management Tips
- Hydration: Drinking adequate water helps prevent UTIs and kidney stone formation.
- Pelvic Floor Exercises: Kegel exercises strengthen pelvic muscles and reduce the risk of urinary incontinence.
- Timely Medical Consultation: Any symptoms like burning urination, severe pain, or urinary leakage should be reported to a urologist.
- Proper Hygiene: Maintaining good hygiene can prevent infections and reduce irritation.
“With proper care, most of these conditions can be managed effectively, ensuring a smooth pregnancy journey,” wraps up Dr Deepti Sureka.
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